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SACRAMENTO — When a new law signed by Gov. Gray Davis takes effect Jan. 1, California will be the nation’s second state to allow pharmacists to provide women with emergency contraceptives without a prescription. 

The morning-after pill is a heavy dose of ordinary birth control pills, which, if used within 72 hours of unprotected sex, can delay ovulation and prevent pregnancy. 

California will join Washington state in allowing women to get the drugs without a doctor’s prescription, a move that will have a “clear impact in California in preventing abortions,” said Jane Boggess, director of the Public Health Institute’s Pharmacy Access Partnership. 

“California is a bellwether state for many other parts of the country,” Boggess said. Eleven other states considered bills this year related to emergency contraception, but only California approved a law. 

Once proven successful here, other states will see the benefits of starting their own programs, she said. 

Planned Parenthood Affiliates of California, a co-sponsor of the bill, estimates that about half of all U.S. pregnancies are unintended, and about half of those will end in abortion. 

However, opponents say the law allows pharmacists to act beyond their training and could give access of the drugs to minors, who may need more counseling to decide to take the pills. 

Pharmacists will be able to “prescribe this morning-after pill to children without the parents’ knowledge or involvement,” said Christine Thomas, acting executive director of California Right to Life. 

The law has no age limit, so minors also able to get an abortion or birth control without parental consent in California could also get the morning-after pills. 

California Right to Life would have opposed the bill, even if excluded minors, because it believes the drug induces abortion, Thomas said. 

Morning-after pills, however, differ from the abortion pill RU-486, which expels the fetus, because they prevent a fertilized egg from implanting itself in the uterus and doesn’t end a pregnancy. 

About 90 percent of women who take the morning-after pill do not become pregnant, Boggess said. 

Thomas, however, said the morning-after pill can also prevent an egg from implanting, which they call tantamount to abortion. 

The bill was state Sen. Dede Alpert’s second attempt to pass this law. A previous measure by the Coronado Democrat was defeated two years ago. 

Jan Carroll, legislative analysts for the California Pro-Life council, said her group didn’t oppose the bill, but she was concerned it would allow pharmacists to dispense drugs without seeing a patient’s medical history. 

The law, Carroll said, is “a move in the wrong direction,” because it may open the door to pharmacists prescribing other drugs. 

Pharmacists will be trained in the available medications and will use guidelines established by doctors and a pharmacists’ association, Boggess said. 

The Berkeley-based Public Health Institute sponsored a trial program that started in January 2000 and now includes 70 clinics and pharmacies. It has provided pills to several thousand women, Boggess said. 

A grant from the Packard Foundation to the Public Health Institute, a private nonprofit organization, funded the program. 

The pilot program involved clinics with large number of women enrolled. They can go to a pharmacists for the pills immediately, instead of waiting for an appointment with the clinic. 

Timely access to the drugs is critical, which is why the California Medical Association supported the bill, said Shannon Smith-Crowley, its associate director of government relations. 

“This is so safe, and timeliness is so critical for the use of this drug, that we believe all women should have access to it,” she said. 

At least 11 states considered the issue of emergency contraceptives in the past year, said Leah Oliver, a researcher with the National Conference of State Legislatures, but only California has approved legislation. Washington used existing laws to implement its program. 

The states were Hawaii, Illinois, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon and Virginia. Among the bills they considered were measures to require hospitals to provide the drugs to rape victims, establish studies or start education campaigns. 

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On the Net: 

California Right to Life: http://www.calright2life.org 

Planned Parenthood of California: http://www.ppacca.org 

Read Senate Bill 1169 at http://www.senate.ca.gov